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Are California public school kitchens scratch-cooking ready?

November 20, 2020

A new Center for Cities + Schools study in collaboration with Conscious Kitchen and The Edible Schoolyard Project.

One way to serve healthier school meals is by incorporating “scratch-cooking” techniques, whereby many or most of the ingredients are prepared onsite from a raw and/or minimally processed form, into school food service programs. However, the vast majority of public school kitchens across the U.S. and in California are not designed and/or equipped to scratch cook. Raw and/or unprocessed food ingredients have shorter shelf lives and fewer added preservatives, thus requiring specialized kitchen infrastructure and equipment for receiving, storing, and preparing.

To understand the opportunities and challenges to increasing healthy school meals across California, this study investigates the scratch-cooking readiness of the state’s public schools’ kitchens. We conducted a web-based survey of food service directors in California public school districts. Two hundred directors from 200 school districts responded.

Are California public school kitchens scratch-cooking ready?

November 20, 2020

A new Center for Cities + Schools study in collaboration with Conscious Kitchen and The Edible Schoolyard Project.

One way to serve healthier school meals is by incorporating “scratch-cooking” techniques, whereby many or most of the ingredients are prepared onsite from a raw and/or minimally processed form, into school food service programs. However, the vast majority of public school kitchens across the U.S. and in California are not designed and/or equipped to scratch cook. Raw and/or unprocessed food ingredients have shorter shelf lives and fewer added preservatives, thus requiring specialized kitchen infrastructure and equipment for receiving, storing, and preparing.

To understand the opportunities and challenges to increasing healthy school meals across California, this study investigates the scratch-cooking readiness of the state’s public schools’ kitchens. We conducted a web-based survey of food service directors in California public school districts. Two hundred directors from 200 school districts responded.

Key Findings

  • Scratch cooking is happening in all types and sizes of public schools in California.
  • Nearly one-third of all responding school districts report high levels of scratch cooking in their district while only 16% report that they do little-to-no scratch cooking currently.
  • Rural school districts are more likely to report high levels of scratch cooking.
  • Majority non-white school districts report less scratch cooking than majority white districts.
  • Districts with high levels of scratch cooking employ more food service workers and more full-time employees compared to districts that do some or little-to-no scratch cooking.
  • Key challenges to expanding scratch cooking are having skilled staff and the necessary facilities and equipment to scratch cook.
  • School districts rely heavily on local funding for kitchen facility and equipment upgrades.
  • More than one-quarter (29%) of school districts report serving at least some organic / pesticide-free foods; the highest income districts are more than twice as likely as the lowest income districts to report serving at least some organic / pesticide-free foods.
  • An estimated $5.81 billion is needed to make all California public school kitchen facilities scratch-cooking capable.

Recommendations

Based on the findings from our study we lay out the following framework of recommendations to increase scratch cooking and healthier food options in California public schools. California’s Office of Farm to Fork (OFtF) could potentially be a “hub” to help lead and coordinate this work.

  • Invest to catalyze change. Strategic investment is needed to build scratch cooking capability across the state, prioritizing areas where key funding barriers exist.
  • Establish a statewide task force on healthy school meals. A concerted effort is needed to establish a plan for expanding access to healthy meals in California public schools.
  • Learn from existing ingenuity. We need to better understand successful scratch cooking strategies already underway.

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